Analysis of Trend in Groundwater-Quality Parameters: A Case Study

In the 21st century, groundwater has a pivotal role in ensuring water, food, and environmental securities worldwide. Systematic observation, protection restoration are essential for sustainable management of water resources. Regular monitoring is key to investigate temporal changes quality, statistical trend tests define whether these significant or not. This study focuses on investigating seasonal quality an alluvial coastal basin West Bengal, India. The groundwater-quality data (pH, TH, TDS, Fe2+ HCO3ˉ) pre-monsoon post-monsoon seasons were collected 2011–2018 period analyzed using three non-parametric detection tests, namely: (i) Original Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, (ii) Modified (mM-K) (iii) Spearman Rank Order Correlation (SROC) test. magnitudes estimated by Sen’s slope estimation Statistical analyses revealed that concentrations all five parameters have large spatial (block-wise) variation within area. results indicated TH TDS mainly decreasing trends (α = 5% 1%), whereas HCO3ˉ mostly show increasing 1%) different blocks. However, pH exhibited no trend. mM-K test was found be over-sensitive finding than M-K SROC tests. less sensitive detecting Trend pH, varied from –0.03/year 0.23/year, –57.44 mg/L/year 25.88 mg/L/year, –172.98 92.58 –15.81 27.88 –0.05 0.61 respectively. Continuous proper critically required aquifer systems. outcomes this will aid policy-makers appropriately managing quality.